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The root is a cylindrical plant organ, typical of higher plants, equipped with positive geotropism and whose principal functions are the absorption of water and nutrients and setting the plant to the substrate. No buds and leaves, allowing differentiation of the stem. Although it provides several characters for the identification, is essential to define the annual or perennial habit of a plant (a task which still has roots involves some difficulty). In all roots can be distinguished parts:

1. Neck or junction of the stem.

2. Branching zone, where secondary roots originate.

3. Root hair zone.

4. Growth zone.

5. Apical area protected by the cap or tip cap

Figure 16.Partes root


There are different types of roots, which can be defined based on their origin

1.
embryonic roots
2. Real caulogenic

3. Real Adventice

For morphology and function, they differ:

1. Swinging: the main root is more developed than the secondary. (Medicago, Plantago)

2. Napiforme: thickened taproots by the storage of reserve materials (Daucus).

3. Fasciculate: there is no main root, the secondary form a hair (Poaceae).

4. Tuberous: all those booklets are thickened by the storage of reserve materials (Dalia).