"Know yourself " Apollo.
knowledge of human nature can achieve by studying the unintended effects of human action.
myths, tales and stories eventually were creating a wealth of knowledge that enabled the evolution of man.
As we saw, man has been able to evolve because it was able to start building - unintentionally - a set of fictions, taboos and superstitions - which later evolved moral rules of conduct - which allowed him to tame his natural instincts and modify their behavior.
This was increased improving cohesion and harmony among men.
These moral codes - more or less developed countries - are present in all human groups that inhabited the earth. He drew attention to Claude Levy Strauss noted that isolated tribes of the Amazon was a number of basic codes similar to those of modern societies.
stories undesired effects of human activity was transferred from generation to generation. First orally and later in written form, were compiled in books to pass on inherited experience to provide knowledge to more and more people and it managed to increase cohesion of human groups, and prevented the emergence of self-destructive mechanisms in societies. The groups most developed these strategies were ahead of others.
The Bible, The Run and other great books to be vital to achieving the knowledge of human nature were essential for the survival of human groups, for these reasons and to keep them from human criticism were considered sacred.
For this reason it is said that Sophocles was more important than Plato.
In the "Age of the Son " represented by Christianity happens to the "Era of the Holy Spirit "characterized by a much more complex moral and therefore much more sustainable product of an infinite number of personal stories told and some made into films by modern media around the world helps us to understand human nature ie to know ourselves.
some literature and film puts us in moral situations where we've never been, and probably never will be, and unintentionally built into human beings in a set of antibodies that modify their understanding of the world and achieve change making behavior, as did the holy books-a much more complex moral and therefore much more sustainable.
The modern critical rationalism of classical literature to show the horrors of human nature. Intellectuals set out to build a nice and virtuous literature with sound and genuine intention of wanting to build a better world. In this way we were left without learning about human nature and led us to a nice moral and virtuous but flawed and often lead to horror.
Therefore we can say that literature is a matter of choice. We can choose a pleasant or virtuous literature but we can not avoid the consequences of our own destruction are due to the absence of building a set of moral codes that work as antibodies that gives us some literature (the classics).
Storytellers - not what we consider historians - were more far-reaching to achieve knowledge of human nature - and the corresponding progress of man in society - the philosophers.
"Civilization is a learning history." David Hume
first civilization and individual freedom could then emerge in societies that respect their traditions and learn from the mistakes of history to achieve not stumble twice with the same stone and this allowed them to evolve.
But Xenophanes (-700) Homeric stories critical of the corruption of the Greek gods.
Moreover - influenced by the general will of Rousseau - in 1882 the French historian Ernest Renan - and his German counterpart Schmoller, parents of nationalism - they said the "historic mistake even lies, are necessary to found a nation ".
A nation is not founded or consolidates previously doubting his past.
A national history is not without embarrassing chapters would be difficult to trust patriotic. A culture has flaws and injustices that may disqualify you stand as a kind an emblem of virtue.
political tradition contains a ridiculous crimes, treason, corruption and abuses that stained the integrity of a people, class and even elite. What to do with all those stains? Give them to unconditionally released? Should we publish the convenient truths with truths humiliating? Are we prepared to draw strength from our shortcomings as well as our strengths?
These questions were resolved by Argentine intellectuals and in the 1920's chose to create a story for the bronze, stainless, with the goal of cohesion between the various groups of immigrants who came to this land and quickly outnumbered the natives. Intellectual Argentino
The hardest hit this censorship and persecution was Juan Bautista Alberdi was unmasked almost 40 years before this maneuver and its serious consequences, among many others sentencing remarks, " deeper root of our modern tyrannies ... is the Greco-Roman notion - now ex-Germanic - of patriotism and the country - now Nationalism and Nation - we owe to the classical secondary education that our universities have been copied from the French "
ministry National Education was an appropriate tool to turn all the paradigms of our history.
So the confusion of May 1810 was given the rank of revolution and the revolution of May 1853 that generated the rule of law and opened the road to civilization is the absolutely unknown.
As we saw the next step was the reform of the Constitution - to cancel it - which would result from a consequent loss of the rule of law and legal disorder, then the destruction of the Federal Republican, that consolidated the tyrannies modern barbarism that we are now enduring.
This system is recognized as historicist and assumes that only a future of glory can be achieved thanks to a virtuous past. It also assumes that history has meaning. Thus
heard that because of our past are condemned to success "or that some politicians feel a" tool of history "that uses them to meet their goals and glory, and always start the greatest horrors.
Led by Popper learned that the scientific method is not to seek the truth, but to try to uncover errors to achieve elimination.
The "social science" is nourished not utopian ideologies Social science should be nurturing experience gives us the history and aims to discover the mistakes of human nature to learn how to limit the behavior and avoid the unwanted effects of human action.
The design of the republic with separation of powers and federalism are the result of that learning from history and try to define the behavior of the ruler and put limits on the natural tendency of man to absolute power.
The real story for teaching human nature and its consequences in society leads us to the wisdom of prudence and tolerance.
virtuous history leads to fanaticism and violence. Perhaps it was
History England " of David Hume who generated this tradition among the English and this is the mother of the difference between the English and continental Europe.
Both Hayek and Popper emphasize the climate of tolerance that prevailed in Britain for the development of ideas and sciences in contrast to the continental climate of intolerance.
This fundamental property was and is the deepest root that makes the difference in performance in the development of science, ideas and ultimately in the economy between the English and continental Europe. And the reason why their land in the Industrial Revolution took place.
Then the story - like the moral - is a matter of choice; can choose a nice story and virtuous, but we can not avoid its consequences are a lack of learning a wealth of knowledge that gives us the errors of the true story, that takes away the experience and can lead to our own destruction.
" Experience is the name everyone gives to their mistakes" Oscar Wilde
morality consists of customs and traditions are born of learning from the mistakes of real history.
The modern rationalism did not hesitate to create a new story, a new law and even tried to create a new language and manage the market.
The historicist idea Rennan affection to Argentina - with continental Europe and Latin America - and its consequences are that these regions are over 70 years ago plunged into violent self-destructive processes.
nationalism - albeit unintentionally - we became a country without learning the history from civilization achieved, leading to barbarism in which today we find ourselves in this way managed to undermine the foundations of individual freedom, enslave the city behind the concept of nationalism and nation, which leads to fanaticism, intolerance and violence.
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