"We live in a civilized society because we have to assume, unintentionally, certain habits inherited from the fundamentally moral, many of which have been always unwelcome to the human being - and on the validity and intrinsic efficiency knew nothing - ". FA Hayek, 1990.
The Constitution of a country is an instrument of purely moral character. But morality is not the result of human design, but rather the result of observation of the unintended consequences of human action.
"The moral standards are no conclusions from reason." D. Hume (Treatise)
Man, throughout its evolution has acted driven by instinct and reason, however, both instinct and reason to overcome the limitations encountered various problems encountered.
The observation of the consequences of their instinctive action was unintentionally creating a set of moral standards aimed at modifying their behavior to avoid unwanted consequences of their actions instinctive.
superstitions, taboos and myths were formed by observing the consequences, unintended, of human action and laid the groundwork for the seat of more complex civilizations.
"superstition did a great service to humanity. It gave people a reason - a bad reason, it is true - for good action, and surely it is better for the world than men to behave properly even false motives to obey it, however, adopt a bad behavior inspired best intentions. What affects the behavior of society is not the opinion. Provided that our actions are fair and correct, it hardly matters to others that our views are wrong. " Sir James Frazer Psyche 's Task (1909)
Aristotle in Nicomachean Ethics argues that happiness consists in the habit of living well and doing good, ie the possession of virtue, morality is derived from good thinking (of virtue) is what to do - induces positive law - but the moral is what we DO NOT do - induces negative right - to avoid unintended consequences of human action. Conception is antagonistic to each other.
inherited morality or tradition is a complex set of experiences - personal stories - perfected over time through an evolutionary process of correction and adjustment, based on the right is negative and shows us what not to do.
This is a very intense and difficult task that no human genius, more encompassing, can be done with the help of reason or reflection. His field of work is the experience of the unintended consequences of human action (the story).
Under the influence of Aristotle, Descartes first and then the modern rationalism not only discards the moral legacy, but not hesitate to say that reason is able to create a new legal order.
Since the late nineteenth century and the advent of the Universities mass popularized the idea that the reason we could build a new moral order than inherited, based on virtue and good thought.
schisms produced in the hard sciences, the heliocentric quantum physics first and then gave land to the inherited knowledge of the geocentric and Newtonian physics - which until then explained all phenomena -.
This contributed to a growing mistrust on the inherited knowledge, and strengthened the idea that reason would find new cures to old problems.
Morality is the difference between life and death.
The moral life is correct, leads to success, progress and peaceful coexistence.
The death is morally wrong leads to failure, stagnation, poverty and violence ultimately self-destruction.
Man is free to choose a nice moral or virtuous - but incorrect - but not free to avoid the consequences are their own destruction.
George Orwell says " doublethink means being able to keep in mind two opposing ideas simultaneously and accept both" . This is lack of clarity and reason for inconsistent attitudes.
If being aware of this contradiction, we use one or another speech at your convenience according to the occasion, this is double standards. The first is an error, the second is intellectual irresponsibility which undermines and destroys the common sense reason.
This is moral relativism, a philosophy consistent with the thesis that all the arguments are more or less equally defensible. From the intellectual point of view: anything goes!
relativism and leads to anarchy, lawlessness and violence.
As we shall see later, the nineteenth century was a generator of new construction moral and these led to humanity in the century after its largest Holocaust with over 180 million people.
Argentina is the demonstration of a country having adopted a moral right (1853), decided to change to get to the intellectual fashion (1949-1994), changing its course towards its own destruction.
And this is a lesson to be learned: no civilization can be taken for granted.
Your stay can never be considered fixed, there will always be a dark age waiting just around the corner.
pleasant ideas are dangerous and lead to death, certain ideas are often not pleasant but lead us to success are life.
This is the biggest challenge of democracy, of course people will tend always welcome ideas over the true.
From this derives the need for shelter and the Moral Constitution of the Republic as a means of limiting the natural overflow of who holds power.
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